![]() ![]() Deaths during car races decreased dramatically when the rigid frames of racing cars were replaced with parts that could crumple or collapse in the event of an accident. A longer collision time means the force on the occupants of the car will be less. Another advantage is that a car will crumple in a collision, especially in the event of a head-on collision. One advantage of plastics is their lighter weight, which results in better gas mileage. Similarly, a padded dashboard increases the time over which the force of impact acts, thereby reducing the force of impact.Ĭars today have many plastic components. This is another example of an inverse relationship. By rearranging the equation for impulse to solve for force F net = Δ p Δ t, F net = Δ p Δ t, you can see how increasing Δ t Δ t while Δ p Δ p stays the same will decrease F net. But the force that brings the occupant to a stop will be much less if it acts over a larger time. The momentum change is the same for an occupant whether an airbag is deployed or not. The change in momentum is the difference between the final and initial values of momentum.įigure 8.2 Vehicles have safety features like airbags and seat belts installed.Īirbags allow the net force on the occupants in the car to act over a much longer time when there is a sudden stop. Newton actually stated his second law of motion in terms of momentum: The net external force equals the change in momentum of a system divided by the time over which it changes. Recall our study of Newton’s second law of motion ( F net = m a). Force influences momentum, and we can rearrange Newton’s second law of motion to show the relationship between force and momentum. Momentum is so important for understanding motion that it was called the quantity of motion by physicists such as Newton. Since mass is a scalar, when velocity is in a negative direction (i.e., opposite the direction of motion), the momentum will also be in a negative direction and when velocity is in a positive direction, momentum will likewise be in a positive direction. Momentum is a vector and has the same direction as velocity v. A large, fast-moving object has greater momentum than a smaller, slower object. Therefore, the greater an object’s mass or the greater its velocity, the greater its momentum. The Provincial Authorities must be informed of the temporary deposit of any hazardous waste.You can see from the equation that momentum is directly proportional to the object’s mass ( m) and velocity ( v). The laws governing packaging and labelling of hazardous waste must be respected Ħ. Hazardous waste must also respect legislation governing the deposit of the hazardous substances it contains.ĥ. ![]() The temporary deposit must be used for homogeneous kinds of waste and must respect the relative technical legislation. The quantity of non-hazardous waste deposited must not exceed 20 m³, in other words the waste must be removed at least once every three months Ĥ. The quantity of hazardous waste deposited must not exceed 10 m³, in other words the waste must be removed at least once every two months ģ. The deposited waste must not contain polychlorodibenzodioxine, polychlorodibenzofuran, polychlorodibenzophenone in quantities exceeding 2.5 ppm or polychlorobiphenyl or polychlorotriphenyl in quantities exceeding 25 ppm Ģ. Where waste is deposited on a production site before being collected, at the following conditions:ġ. È recuperato dai rifiuti urbani speciali non pericolosi, mediante trattamenti finalizzati a garantire un potere calorifico adeguato al suo utilizzo, nonché a ridurre e controllare: il rischio ambientale e sanitario la presenza di materiale metallico, vetri, inerti, materiale putrescibile e il contenuto di umidità la presenza di sostanze pericolose, in particolare ai fini della combustione. However since this report is looking into biofuels for transport this section will concentrate only on liquid and gas fuels produced from waste that are suitable for combustion in a vehicle engine.Ĭombustibile classificabile come Rdf di qualità normale, sulla base delle norme tecniche UNI 9903-1 e successive modifiche e integrazioni. ![]() ![]() Refuse-derived fuel (RDF), following UNI 9903-1 technical laws Fuel Many fuels can be derived from waste, refuse can be combusted directly in an incinerator to provide power, methane produced at landfill can be collected and combusted, even chicken litter can be dried and combusted. ![]()
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